China’s waste incineration industry has grown rapidly, with about 90% of projects using the mechanical grate furnace process. However, municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWI FA), classified as HW18 on China’s hazardous waste list due to pollutants like chlorine salts, dioxins and soluble heavy metals, poses disposal challenges. By 2025, annual fly ash production is projected to hit 10 million tons, around 10% of China’s hazardous waste.
Blast furnace slag and fly ash create low-cost cement alternative
